dapagliflozin

Dapagliflozin inhibits SGLT2 in the proximal convoluted tubule, lowering plasma glucose via glucosuria with associated weight loss, natriuresis, and modest BP reduction. DAPA-HF and DAPA-CKD trials extended indication to heart failure (preserved and reduced EF) and CKD regardless of diabetes status. Adverse effects mirror the class: genital mycotic infections, UTIs, euglycemic DKA, volume depletion, and rare Fournier gangrene of the perineum. Should be held during acute illness or before major surgery due to euDKA risk. High-yield boards point: SGLT2 inhibitors reduce hospitalization for heart failure across the EF spectrum.