Hyperalimentation
Summary
Hyperalimentation (total parenteral nutrition/TPN) is IV delivery of complete macronutrients and micronutrients for patients unable to eat. Risks include catheter infections, hyperglycemia, and TPN-associated liver disease.
Detail
TPN delivers dextrose, amino acids, lipid emulsions, electrolytes, vitamins, and trace elements via central venous catheter (required due to high osmolarity). Indicated for severe GI pathology preventing absorption: short bowel syndrome, extensive Crohn's, acute pancreatitis. Complications: catheter-related bloodstream infections, hyperglycemia, electrolyte abnormalities (refeeding syndrome with hypophosphatemia), hepatic steatosis/cholestasis with prolonged use. Requires monitoring of glucose, electrolytes, and liver function.
Sources
- First Aid for the USMLE Step 1
- Robbins Basic Pathology
- Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
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