riglycerides i
Summary
Triglycerides are the most abundant lipids in the body, consisting of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone. They serve as the primary form of stored energy and are transported in lipoproteins. Elevated triglyceride levels (>150 mg/dL) are associated with increased cardiovascular risk and pancreatitis.
Detail
Triglycerides are synthesized primarily in the liver and adipose tissue through esterification of glycerol with three fatty acid chains. They are packaged into VLDL particles for transport and stored in adipocytes for energy reserve. Lipoprotein lipase hydrolyzes triglycerides in capillaries, releasing free fatty acids for tissue uptake. Hypertriglyceridemia can result from genetic disorders (familial hypertriglyceridemia, lipoprotein lipase deficiency), metabolic conditions (diabetes, metabolic syndrome), medications (corticosteroids, thiazides), or lifestyle factors (high carbohydrate diet, alcohol). Severe hypertriglyceridemia (>1000 mg/dL) significantly increases acute pancreatitis risk. Treatment includes lifestyle modifications and medications like fibrates, niacin, or omega-3 fatty acids. Normal fasting levels are <150 mg/dL, with levels 150-199 mg/dL considered borderline high.
Sources
- First Aid for the USMLE Step 1
- Biochemistry by Lippincott
- Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
- ACC/AHA Cholesterol Guidelines
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