hyaluronidase
Summary
Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that degrades hyaluronic acid in connective tissue ground substance. Bacteria such as Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus secrete it as a spreading factor that allows infection to dissect rapidly through tissue planes.
Detail
By breaking down the hyaluronic acid that cements host connective tissue, hyaluronidase lowers viscosity and permits bacteria to spread laterally rather than remaining localized, which is why it is called a spreading factor. It contributes to the rapid horizontal advance of streptococcal cellulitis and erysipelas and, together with streptokinase, streptolysins, and exotoxin B, to necrotizing fasciitis. Hyaluronidase is also produced by clostridia in gas gangrene. The enzyme has legitimate therapeutic uses: it is co-administered to increase dispersion and absorption of subcutaneous fluids and drugs, and is used to dissolve hyaluronic acid dermal fillers after cosmetic complications such as vascular occlusion. Some venoms, including those of snakes and bees, contain hyaluronidase for the same tissue-penetrating purpose.
Sources
- Levinson Medical Microbiology and Immunology
- First Aid for the USMLE Step 1
Reviewed by AnkiBoss editorial — medical student review. Information here is for study reference only and is not medical advice. Spotted an error? Let us know.